ANALISIS FAKTOR PENENTU KETAHANAN PANGAN PADA BALITA STUNTING DI KOTA PALU

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Stunting remains a chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, including in Palu City, which has two areas with the highest prevalence. Household food security is assumed to play a significant role in influencing stunting incidence. This study aimed to analyze the role of household income, homegrown food, and government subsidies/social assistance on household food security among families with stunted children. Methods: This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted among 100 households with stunted children in the highest-prevalence areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, income, homegrown food, subsidies, and food security status measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Results: Data were analyzed using Chi-Square tests at a 95% confidence level. Results showed that adequate income (χ²=20.650; p=0.000), homegrown food (χ²=7.018; p=0.030), and subsidies/social assistance (χ²=14.731; p=0.002) were significantly associated with household food security. Food prices, price increases, and livestock ownership were not significantly associated. Conclusion: This study concludes that income, homegrown food, and subsidies are crucial determinants of food security among households with stunted children. Policies to accelerate stunting reduction should focus on improving family income, optimizing home garden utilization, and strengthening targeted subsidy distribution systems.

Keywords: stunting, food security, household income, homegrown food, subsidy

ABSTRAK

Stunting masih menjadi masalah gizi kronis di Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Palu yang memiliki dua wilayah dengan prevalensi tertinggi. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga diduga menjadi faktor penting dalam memengaruhi kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran penghasilan keluarga, pangan dari pekarangan, dan subsidi/bantuan sosial terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga balita stunting. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 100 rumah tangga dengan balita stunting di wilayah dengan prevalensi tertinggi. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur yang mencakup variabel sosiodemografi, penghasilan, pangan pekarangan, subsidi, dan status ketahanan pangan yang diukur menggunakan Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square pada taraf signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecukupan penghasilan (χ²=20,650; p=0,000), pangan dari pekarangan (χ²=7,018; p=0,030), dan subsidi/bansos (χ²=14,731; p=0,002) berhubungan signifikan dengan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Faktor harga pangan, kenaikan harga, dan kepemilikan ternak tidak berhubungan signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penghasilan, kemandirian pangan, dan intervensi subsidi merupakan faktor penting dalam ketahanan pangan rumah tangga balita stunting. Intervensi percepatan penurunan stunting sebaiknya menitikberatkan pada peningkatan pendapatan keluarga, optimalisasi pemanfaatan pekarangan, serta penguatan sistem distribusi subsidi agar lebih tepat sasaran.