Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Produksi Sepatu Kulit Menggunakan Metode Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), dan Material Flow Analysis (MFA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30587/matrik.v26i2.11281Keywords:
Life Cycle Assessment, Material Flow Analysis, Sepatu Kulit, UMKM, Value Stream MappingAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan pada proses produksi sepatu kulit di UMKM XYZ melalui pendekatan terpadu Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), dan Material Flow Analysis (MFA). Metode ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas yang paling berkontribusi terhadap pemborosan sumber daya dan pencemaran lingkungan, serta merumuskan rekomendasi perbaikan proses. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa proses pemotongan bahan memberikan kontribusi dampak terbesar (61,82%), diikuti penjahitan (16,15%), finishing (15,57%), perakitan (5,65%), dan perancangan (0,80%). LCA mengungkapkan dampak utama berupa pemanasan global sebesar 123,83 kg CO₂-eq, pembentukan ozon 5,35 kg NOx-eq, dan toksisitas udara 5,35 kg VOCs-eq. Upaya mitigasi dilakukan melalui pemanfaatan limbah padat, yaitu 64 kg limbah kulit dan 45 kg limbah karet menjadi produk bernilai guna. Inisiatif ini meningkatkan keuntungan dari Rp1.185.000 menjadi Rp2.490.000. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi VSM, LCA, dan MFA efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi sekaligus menekan dampak lingkungan.
Downloads
References
[1] A. Bodoga, A. Nistorac, M. C. Loghin, and D. N. Isopescu, “Environmental impact of footwear using life cycle assessment—Case study of professional footwear,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 14, p. 6094, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16146094.
[2] I. Elemure, H. N. Dhakal, M. Leseure, and J. Radulovic, “Integration of lean, green, and sustainability in manufacturing: A review on current state and future perspectives,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 13, p. 10261, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su151310261.
[3] B. Dulo, J. Githaiga, K. Raes, and S. De Meester, “Material flow analysis and resource recovery potential analysis of selected fruit, vegetable, and nut waste in Kenya,” Waste Biomass Valorization, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 3671–3687, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12649-022-01751-8.
[4] J. Baars, M. A. Rajaeifar, and O. Heidrich, “Quo vadis MFA? Integrated material flow analysis to support material efficiency,” J. Ind. Ecol., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1487–1503, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1111/jiec.13288.
[5] R. Iskandar and M. L. Singgih, “Lean and green value stream mapping: Case study of an East Java furniture factory,” in Proc. INCITE-23, 2023, pp. 114–131, doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-288-0_12.
[6] X. Chen, L. Xu, Z. Ren, F. Jia, and Y. Yu, “Sustainable supply chain management in the leather industry: A systematic literature review,” Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1663–1703, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1080/13675567.2022.2104233.
[7] E. Octaviani, I. Masudin, A. Khoidir, and D. P. Restuputri, “Material flow analysis for demand forecasting and lifetime-based inflow in Indonesia’s plastic bag supply chain,” Logistics, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 105, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.3390/logistics9030105.
[8] M. Rossi, A. Papetti, M. Marconi, and M. Germani, “Life cycle assessment of a leather shoe supply chain,” Int. J. Sustain. Eng., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 686–703, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1080/19397038.2021.1920643.
[9] F. Pulansari, I. Nugraha, and E. A. Saputro, “Analysis of the implementation life cycle assessment (LCA) method for identification of environmental assessment in liquid waste production tofu at PT. XYZ,” in Nusantara Sci. Technol. Proc., Nov. 2022, doi: 10.11594/nstp.2022.2712.
[10] W. W. Woldemicael, E. Berhan, D. Kitaw, and G. Tesfaye, “Enhancing operation efficiency of leather manufacturing industry through hybrid of value stream mapping and discrete event simulation,” Cogent Eng., vol. 11, no. 1, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2024.2375423.
[11] A. Brun and F. Ciccullo, “Factors affecting sustainability-oriented innovation in the leather supply chain,” Strategic Change, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 305–321, May 2022, doi: 10.1002/jsc.2500.
[12] R. Salvador et al., “Towards a green and fast production system: Integrating life cycle assessment and value stream mapping for decision making,” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., vol. 87, p. 106519, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106519.
[13] A. Batwara, V. Sharma, M. Makkar, and A. Giallanza, “Towards smart sustainable development through value stream mapping—A systematic literature review,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 5, p. e15852, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15852.
[14] D. Maryadi et al., “Improvement performa gudang medium mile menggunakan value stream mapping: Studi kasus di Kota Palembang,” Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 40–48, 2023.
[15] Y. Pratiwi, N. H. Djanggu, and P. Anggela, “Penerapan lean manufacturing untuk meminimasi pemborosan (waste) dengan metode value stream mapping (VSM) pada PT. X,” 2022.
[16] S. Rashid and E. Pagone, “Cradle-to-grave lifecycle environmental assessment of hybrid electric vehicles,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 14, p. 11027, 2023.
[17] H. Zhang, C. Lang, and R. Zhang, “Life cycle carbon footprint analysis of suitcase production: Impact of material variations, size differences, and geographical factors,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 496, p. 145081, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145081.
[18] M. Rotthong et al., “Life cycle assessment of integrated waste management systems towards carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability,” Cleaner Environ. Syst., p. 100355, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100355.
[19] A. N. A. Rachmah, A. M. Fauzi, and B. Bustami, “Life cycle assessment komoditi perikanan di Muncar Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur,” J. Standardisasi, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 245–252, 2020.
[20] H. Liu et al., “Design of efficient dispase one-bath strategy with low pollution and life cycle assessment for eco-sustainable leather processing,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 13, no. 2, p. 116146, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116146.
[21] J. Shi et al., “Life cycle assessment insights into nanosilicates-based chrome-free tanning processing towards eco-friendly leather manufacture,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 434, p. 139892, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139892.
[22] N. R. Shahbudin and N. A. Kamal, “Establishment of material flow analysis (MFA) for heavy metals in a wastewater system,” Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1407–1418, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2020.10.009.
[23] P. Jordan et al., “Enabling the material flow analysis in disassembly systems using object-centric process mining,” in Procedia CIRP, 2025, pp. 271–276, doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2025.03.019.
[24] R. Barkhausen et al., “Combinations of material flow analysis and life cycle assessment and their applicability to assess circular economy requirements in EU product regulations: A systematic literature review,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 407, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137017.
[25] M. Rossi, “Life cycle assessment of a leather shoe supply chain,” Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1643–1657, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11367-021-01911-3.
[26] D. Navarro, J. Wu, and W. Lin, “Life cycle assessment and leather production,” J. Leather Sci. Eng., vol. 2, no. 26, 2020, doi: 10.1186/s42825-020-00035-y.
[27] Bureau of Economic Geology, Univ. of Texas at Austin, “Research plan: Comparing electricity options,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ceo.beg.utexas.edu/research-plan
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Isna Nugraha Isna Nugraha, Dean Tirkaamiana, Iffad Rakmanhuda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
