Pengaruh Spiritualitas Tempat Kerja Terhadap Kesejahteraan Mental Karyawan Melalui Kebahagiaan Dan Mindfulness Pada Karyawan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v11i02.7564Keywords:
Employee, Mental, Happiness, Workplace, Mindfullness, SpiritualityAbstract
Background – The mental well-being of employees is crucial for both the individuals and the organizations they belong to. Employees who enjoy mental prosperity are often more productive, underscoring the importance of fostering a supportive work environment.
Aim – This study investigates the impact of workplace spirituality on the mental well-being of employees in Java, examining the roles of happiness at work and mindfulness as intermediary factors.
Design/ methodology/ approach – Employing a quantitative approach, this research engaged 352 respondents from various organizations across Java. Data collected were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 software, focusing on the relationships between workplace spirituality, happiness at work, mindfulness, and employee mental well-being.
Findings – The study reveals that workplace spirituality significantly contributes to both happiness at work and mindfulness. Moreover, it directly influences employee mental well-being. However, while mindfulness serves as an effective mediator in this relationship, happiness at work does not significantly mediate the impact of workplace spirituality on mental well-being. This suggests that the pathway through which workplace spirituality affects employee mental well-being is primarily through mindfulness.
Conclusion – Workplace spirituality emerges as a positive force, enhancing employee happiness and mindfulness, which in turn, contributes to better mental well-being. The study underscores the importance of mindfulness as a mediating factor, highlighting its role in leveraging spiritual values in the workplace to support employee mental health.
Research Implication – The findings suggest that organizations should consider integrating mindfulness training and spiritual values into their employee development programs. Such initiatives can help mitigate stress, anxiety, and work-related pressures, fostering a healthier and more supportive work environment conducive to employee growth.
Limitations – While this study identified happiness at work and mindfulness as potential mediators, the former did not significantly mediate the relationship between workplace spirituality and mental well-being. Future research might explore alternative mediating variables to fully understand the dynamics at play.
References
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Daaleman, T. P., & Frey, B. B. (2004). The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: A New Instrument for Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(5), 499–503. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.89
Efferin, S., & Hutomo, C. C. (2021). Spirituality, happiness and auditors’ commitment: an interbeing perspective. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 34(4), 701–730. https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2020-4385
Gadhavi, D., Parikh, A., Patel, V., Joshi, N., & Thaker, D. (2021). Employee Wellbeing and Employee’s Happiness: a study of an Indian University. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(6S).
Garg, N., & Saini, D. (2023). Workplace spirituality to cultivate innovative work behaviour: the moderating role of perceived working conditions. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Vol. ahead-of-print No ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2023-0050
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited.
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Chang, H., & Li, J. (2019). Workplace spirituality as a mediator between ethical climate and workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 102372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102372
Hassan, S., Ansari, N., & Rehman, A. (2021). An exploratory study of workplace spirituality and employee well-being affecting public service motivation: an institutional perspective. Qualitative Research Journal, 22(2). 209-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2021-0078
Hunsaker, W. D., & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: the role of employee flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations, 44(6). 1355-1371. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2021-0032
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Khan, S. M., & Abbas, J. (2022). Mindfulness and Happiness and their Impact on Employee Creative Performance: Mediating Role of Creative Process Engagement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 44, 101027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101027
Khanna, V., & Khanna, P. D. (2019). Critical perspectives on corporate mindfulness and workplace spirituality, in Mishra, S.K. and Varma, A. (Eds), Spirituality in Management, Palgrave Macmillan, Switzerland. 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13984-1_12
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Kumar, J., & Sulphey,M.M. (2021a). A study on the relationship between workplace spirituality, mental wellbeing and mindfulness. Management Science Letters, 11(3), 1045-1054. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.9.038
Kumar, J., & Sulphey, M.M. (2021b). Workplace spirituality, self-compassion and mindfulness as antecedents of employee mental wellbeing. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 12(2), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-07-2020-0258
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2019). Mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation: perspectives from Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Current Opinion in Psychology, 28, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.004
Liu, X., Wu, X., Wang, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Entrepreneurial mindfulness and organizational resilience of Chinese SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of entrepreneurial resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992161
Mahdani. (2017). Spiritual Tempat Kerja, Sikap Kerja Positif, dan Spiritualitas IndividualKaryawan (Studi pada PT. Pupuk Iskandar Muda (Persero) Lhokseumawe. Jurnal E-KOMBIS, 3(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.35308/ekombis.v3i1.473
Mahipalan, M., & Sheena. (2019). Workplace Spirituality and Subjective Happiness Among High School Teachers: Gratitude As A Moderator. The End-To-End Journal, 15(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.002
Misra, N., & Srivastava, S. (2022). Happiness and Wellness- Biopsychosocial and Anthropological Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108241
Media Indonesia (2022). Karyawan Merasa Kesejahteraan dan Kesehatan saat Pandemi Didukung Perusahaan (2022, May 19). Media Indonesia. https://mediaindonesia.com/ekonomi/493500/karyawan-merasa-kesejahteraan-dan-kesehatan-saat-pandemi-didukung-perusahaan
Nimmi, P. M., Binoy, A. K., Joseph, G., & Suma, R. (2021). Significance of developing spirituality among management students: discerning the impact on psychological resources and wellbeing. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(1), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-10-2020-0372
Paul, M., & Jena, L. K. (2022). Workplace spirituality, teachers’ professional well-being and mediating role of positive psychological capital: an empirical validation in the Indian context. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4), 633–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-08-2021-0163
Pawar, B. S. (2016). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: an empirical examination. Employee Relations, 38(6), 975–994. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-11-2015-0215
Pawar, B. S. (2023). A review of workplace spirituality scales. Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-04-2023-0121
Petchsawang, P., & McLean, G. N. (2017). Workplace spirituality, mindfulness meditation, and work engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(3), 216-244.
Prabhu, N., & Modem, R. (2022). Exploring the multi-level influence of shared leadership on workplace spirituality in teams. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-04-2021-2728
Raj, K. M. (2023). Workplace Happiness: The key to employees retention. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 11(2), 2631-2638.
Ramadhani, S. S. (2021, July 21). Apa Pentingnya Kesejahteraan Karyawan? HR, Cari Tahu Yuk! Riliv.co. https://riliv.co/rilivstory/pentingnya-kesejahteraan-karyawan/#:~:text=Karyawan%20yang%20sejahtera%20berarti%20ia
Rastogi, M. (2019). A psychometric validation of the happiness at workplace scale. Industrial and Commercial Training, 52(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-04-2019-0034
Rathee, R., & Rajain, P. (2020). Workplace Spirituality: A Comparative Study of Various Models. Jindal Journal of Business Research, 9(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278682120908554
Rando-Cueto, D., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., Jiménez-Marín, G., & Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P. (2023). Exploring the domain of relationship between happiness management in organizations and the environment. Management Decision. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2022-1495
Riyami, S. A., Razzak, M. R., & Al-Busaidi, A. S. (2023). Mindfulness and workplace ostracism in the post-pandemic work from home arrangement: moderating the effect of perceived organizational support. Evidence-Based HRM. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-10-2022-0259
Roy, R., & Konwar, Dr. J. (2020). Workplace Happiness: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(1), 4452-4459.
Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2021). Happiness at work: Developing a shorter measure. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(3), 460–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.24
Shahbaz, W., & Parker, J. (2021). Workplace mindfulness: An integrative review of antecedents, mediators, and moderators. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100849
Shaheen, A., & Rashidi, Z. (2021). Workplace Spirituality, Emotions and Turnover Intentions. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(3), 1075-1090.
Sharma, P. K., & Kumra, R. (2020). Examining the mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between workplace mindfulness and organizational justice and its association with well-being. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 11(2), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-10-2019-0184
Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) (2008), University of Warwick and University of Edinburgh, NHS Health Scotland.
Srivastava, S., & Gupta, P. (2021). Workplace spirituality as panacea for waning well-being during the pandemic crisis: A SDT perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.11.014
Warwick. (2020, January 20). What is Mental Wellbeing? Warwick.ac.uk. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/med/research/platform/wemwbs/mentalwellbeing/
Wibowo, T., A. (2017). Kebermaknaan Kerja ditinjau dari Kualitas Relasi Atasan-bawahan, Karakteristik Pekerjaan, Usia, dan Tingkat Pendidikan pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi Perusahaan Karya Composites. (Dissertation, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang). http://repository.unika.ac.id/15213/
Yadav, S., Tiwari, T., Yadav, A. K., Dubey, N., Mishra, L. K., & Singh, A. L. (2022). Role of workplace spirituality, empathic concern and organizational politics in employee wellbeing: A study on police personnel. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 881675.
Chirico, F., Daniela Acquadro Maran, & Sharma, M. (2023). Editorial: Spirituality in the workplace. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 101027. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1162716
Coo, C., & Salanova, M. (2017). Mindfulness Can Make You Happy-and-Productive: A Mindfulness Controlled Trial and Its Effects on Happiness, Work Engagement and Performance. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(6), 1691–1711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9892-8
Cunningham, C. J. (2014). Religion and spirituality as factors that influence occupational stress and well-being. The role of demographics in Occupational stress and well being, 12, 135-172.
Daaleman, T. P., & Frey, B. B. (2004). The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: A New Instrument for Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(5), 499–503. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.89
Efferin, S., & Hutomo, C. C. (2021). Spirituality, happiness and auditors’ commitment: an interbeing perspective. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 34(4), 701–730. https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2020-4385
Gadhavi, D., Parikh, A., Patel, V., Joshi, N., & Thaker, D. (2021). Employee Wellbeing and Employee’s Happiness: a study of an Indian University. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(6S).
Garg, N., & Saini, D. (2023). Workplace spirituality to cultivate innovative work behaviour: the moderating role of perceived working conditions. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Vol. ahead-of-print No ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2023-0050
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited.
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Chang, H., & Li, J. (2019). Workplace spirituality as a mediator between ethical climate and workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 102372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102372
Hassan, S., Ansari, N., & Rehman, A. (2021). An exploratory study of workplace spirituality and employee well-being affecting public service motivation: an institutional perspective. Qualitative Research Journal, 22(2). 209-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2021-0078
Hunsaker, W. D., & Ding, W. (2022). Workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: the role of employee flourishing and workplace satisfaction. Employee Relations, 44(6). 1355-1371. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2021-0032
Jha, I.N., Pal, D. and Sarkar, S. (2023), "Unlocking the secret to happiness at work: the power of inclusive leadership, organizational justice and workplace inclusion", Journal of Management Development, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-04-2023-0136
Khan, S. M., & Abbas, J. (2022). Mindfulness and Happiness and their Impact on Employee Creative Performance: Mediating Role of Creative Process Engagement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 44, 101027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101027
Khanna, V., & Khanna, P. D. (2019). Critical perspectives on corporate mindfulness and workplace spirituality, in Mishra, S.K. and Varma, A. (Eds), Spirituality in Management, Palgrave Macmillan, Switzerland. 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13984-1_12
Kohls, N., Sauer, S., & Walach, H. (2009). Facets of mindfulness – Results of an online study investigating the Freiburg mindfulness inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 224–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.009
Kumar, J., & Sulphey,M.M. (2021a). A study on the relationship between workplace spirituality, mental wellbeing and mindfulness. Management Science Letters, 11(3), 1045-1054. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.9.038
Kumar, J., & Sulphey, M.M. (2021b). Workplace spirituality, self-compassion and mindfulness as antecedents of employee mental wellbeing. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 12(2), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-07-2020-0258
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2019). Mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation: perspectives from Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Current Opinion in Psychology, 28, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.004
Liu, X., Wu, X., Wang, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Entrepreneurial mindfulness and organizational resilience of Chinese SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of entrepreneurial resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992161
Mahdani. (2017). Spiritual Tempat Kerja, Sikap Kerja Positif, dan Spiritualitas IndividualKaryawan (Studi pada PT. Pupuk Iskandar Muda (Persero) Lhokseumawe. Jurnal E-KOMBIS, 3(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.35308/ekombis.v3i1.473
Mahipalan, M., & Sheena. (2019). Workplace Spirituality and Subjective Happiness Among High School Teachers: Gratitude As A Moderator. The End-To-End Journal, 15(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.002
Misra, N., & Srivastava, S. (2022). Happiness and Wellness- Biopsychosocial and Anthropological Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108241
Media Indonesia (2022). Karyawan Merasa Kesejahteraan dan Kesehatan saat Pandemi Didukung Perusahaan (2022, May 19). Media Indonesia. https://mediaindonesia.com/ekonomi/493500/karyawan-merasa-kesejahteraan-dan-kesehatan-saat-pandemi-didukung-perusahaan
Nimmi, P. M., Binoy, A. K., Joseph, G., & Suma, R. (2021). Significance of developing spirituality among management students: discerning the impact on psychological resources and wellbeing. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(1), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-10-2020-0372
Paul, M., & Jena, L. K. (2022). Workplace spirituality, teachers’ professional well-being and mediating role of positive psychological capital: an empirical validation in the Indian context. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4), 633–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-08-2021-0163
Pawar, B. S. (2016). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: an empirical examination. Employee Relations, 38(6), 975–994. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-11-2015-0215
Pawar, B. S. (2023). A review of workplace spirituality scales. Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-04-2023-0121
Petchsawang, P., & McLean, G. N. (2017). Workplace spirituality, mindfulness meditation, and work engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(3), 216-244.
Prabhu, N., & Modem, R. (2022). Exploring the multi-level influence of shared leadership on workplace spirituality in teams. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-04-2021-2728
Raj, K. M. (2023). Workplace Happiness: The key to employees retention. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 11(2), 2631-2638.
Ramadhani, S. S. (2021, July 21). Apa Pentingnya Kesejahteraan Karyawan? HR, Cari Tahu Yuk! Riliv.co. https://riliv.co/rilivstory/pentingnya-kesejahteraan-karyawan/#:~:text=Karyawan%20yang%20sejahtera%20berarti%20ia
Rastogi, M. (2019). A psychometric validation of the happiness at workplace scale. Industrial and Commercial Training, 52(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-04-2019-0034
Rathee, R., & Rajain, P. (2020). Workplace Spirituality: A Comparative Study of Various Models. Jindal Journal of Business Research, 9(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278682120908554
Rando-Cueto, D., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., Jiménez-Marín, G., & Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P. (2023). Exploring the domain of relationship between happiness management in organizations and the environment. Management Decision. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2022-1495
Riyami, S. A., Razzak, M. R., & Al-Busaidi, A. S. (2023). Mindfulness and workplace ostracism in the post-pandemic work from home arrangement: moderating the effect of perceived organizational support. Evidence-Based HRM. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-10-2022-0259
Roy, R., & Konwar, Dr. J. (2020). Workplace Happiness: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(1), 4452-4459.
Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2021). Happiness at work: Developing a shorter measure. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(3), 460–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.24
Shahbaz, W., & Parker, J. (2021). Workplace mindfulness: An integrative review of antecedents, mediators, and moderators. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100849
Shaheen, A., & Rashidi, Z. (2021). Workplace Spirituality, Emotions and Turnover Intentions. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(3), 1075-1090.
Sharma, P. K., & Kumra, R. (2020). Examining the mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between workplace mindfulness and organizational justice and its association with well-being. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 11(2), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-10-2019-0184
Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) (2008), University of Warwick and University of Edinburgh, NHS Health Scotland.
Srivastava, S., & Gupta, P. (2021). Workplace spirituality as panacea for waning well-being during the pandemic crisis: A SDT perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.11.014
Warwick. (2020, January 20). What is Mental Wellbeing? Warwick.ac.uk. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/med/research/platform/wemwbs/mentalwellbeing/
Wibowo, T., A. (2017). Kebermaknaan Kerja ditinjau dari Kualitas Relasi Atasan-bawahan, Karakteristik Pekerjaan, Usia, dan Tingkat Pendidikan pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi Perusahaan Karya Composites. (Dissertation, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang). http://repository.unika.ac.id/15213/
Yadav, S., Tiwari, T., Yadav, A. K., Dubey, N., Mishra, L. K., & Singh, A. L. (2022). Role of workplace spirituality, empathic concern and organizational politics in employee wellbeing: A study on police personnel. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 881675.
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2024-05-29
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Tanoto, S. R., & Sari, D. M. (2024). Pengaruh Spiritualitas Tempat Kerja Terhadap Kesejahteraan Mental Karyawan Melalui Kebahagiaan Dan Mindfulness Pada Karyawan. Jurnal Manajerial, 11(02), 292–316. https://doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v11i02.7564
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