POTENSI EKSTRAK TINTA GURITA SEBAGAI QUORUM QUENCHING UNTUK MENCEGAH PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM Edwardsiella tarda PADA AKUAKULTUR (REVIEW)

Abstract

Edwardsiella tarda merupakan bakteri patogen yang sering menyebabkan penyakit pada ikan air tawar, sehingga berdampak pada keamanan pangan dan kerugian ekonomi global. Pembentukan biofilm oleh E. tarda yang diatur oleh sistem quorum sensing (QS) berperan penting dalam meningkatkan virulensi dan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Menghambat sistem QS dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk mengendalikan infeksi E. tarda pada ikan. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan adalah ekstrak tinta gurita yang mengandung alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi ekstrak tinta gurita sebagai agen quorum quenching (QQ) dalam mencegah pembentukan biofilm E. tarda pada akuakultur. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur sistematis dengan mengumpulkan data dari artikel ilmiah. Analisis dilakukan secara mendalam untuk mengevaluasi mekanisme ekstrak tinta gurita dalam menghambat QS dan pembentukan biofilm bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif dalam tinta gurita, seperti alkaloid, dapat menghambat komunikasi antar sel bakteri dengan cara memblokir autoinduser QS. Proses ini menekan ekspresi gen virulensi dan mencegah pembentukan biofilm tanpa memengaruhi viabilitas bakteri, sehingga risiko resistensi antibiotik dapat diminimalkan. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak tinta gurita memiliki potensi besar sebagai agen quorum quenching untuk mendukung pencegahan infeksi E. tarda dalam akuakultur. Penggunaan ekstrak ini tidak hanya efektif tetapi juga ramah lingkungan, serta menawarkan solusi inovatif untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ikan budidaya dan keberlanjutan industri akuakultur. Lebih lanjut, ekstrak tinta gurita dapat digunakan sebagai imunostimulan dalam industri akuakultur.

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